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Lições de um Futuro Passado. O Dia Zero da Cidade do Cabo

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Julio F. Campos Ao longo da história humana, o uso descuidado dos recursos naturais provou resultar em mudanças catastróficas para muitas civilizações. O uso excessivo de recursos naturais é conhecido por ter desempenhado o papel principal no colapso destas civilizações. A Ilha de Páscoa, sendo a mais famosa deles, apresenta o melhor exemplo de como o uso irrestrito de recursos locais e limitados poderia levar o fim de toda uma civilização. A superpopulação e desmatamento dos maias e a sobre-exploração de terras locais, com uma seca e exaustão do solo resultante, são outro exemplo de como a crença na infinidade dos recursos naturais pode levar uma civilização poderosa ao desastre. Angkor Wat, uma das mais avançadas civilizações antigas asiáticas, detentora de sistemas de controle de água maravilhosos, sobre os quais a civilização inteira se baseou, entrou em colapso devido a eventos climáticos externos que levaram a inundações e secas, resultando no fim de toda essa

Lessons from a Past Future. Cape Town's Day Zero

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Julio F. Campos Throughout human history, the careless use of natural resources has proven to result in catastrophic shifts to many civilizations. Overuse of natural resources is known to have played the major role in the collapse of ancient civilizations. Easter Island, being the most famous of them, presents the ultimate example of how the mindless use of local, limited, resources could drive the end of an entire civilization. The Mayans overpopulation and deforesting and overexploitation of local land, with a resulting drought, are another example of how the belief in the resources infinitude can lead a pungent civilization to disaster. Angkor Wat, one of the most advanced Asian ancient civilizations, with is marvelous water control systems, upon which the entire civilization relied, collapsed due to external climate events leading to floods and droughts, resulting in the end of this entire civilization. Even the great Roman empire was at the end subject to its soil

What is Pollution from an Ecological Perspective

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Julio F. Campos I have been quite often asked questions about pollution. What it is, it's different types, what products are considered to be pollutants, how the environment deals with it or what can we do to prevent it. Here I'll briefly answer those questions explaining what pollution from the ecological perspective is. How, why, when an ecosystem is considered polluted and what can it do about it. But first, it is necessary to bring two fundamental ecosystem structural characteristics. A) The carrying capacity Carrying capacity is the capacity of any ecosystem to sustain a number of individuals of a given species. That could the number of different species, the number of predators, the volume of human use of its resources and, as we will see, the quantity of waste that it can process through its recycling species. As such, every ecosystem has an intrinsic set of carrying capacities for its innumerous species which are derived from its complex internal inter

On why technology is not the answer.

Julio F. Campos Recently I was asked about which environmental friendly technologies or products we need to invent for a more sustainable society . Although a simple question, with a simple answer but complex explanation, it is indeed the single most important question that one could ask. The answer is plain simple: none. The reason behind both the question and the answer, however, demands a not so simple explanation.   Let's start with the question that is the root of what was asked:    Why do we need more technology? The concept that the technology development could improve human society development was introduced in the first two decades of the twentieth century and later used to describe the works of the economist Thorstein Bunde Veblen.   Its idea was resumed by the engineer William H. Smyth with the introduction of the technocracy concept, which was could be resume to  "the rule of the people made effective through the agency of their servants, the scient

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